In typical embodiments, the vaccine is an influenza vaccine.

In one embodiment the vaccine is a cancer vaccine.

In some embodiments, the method further comprises administering to the subject a vaccine, such as a virus vaccine or a cancer vaccine.

The M. hyo vaccine can be a whole or partial cell inactivated or modified live preparation, a subunit vaccine, or a nucleic acid or DNA vaccine.

The vaccine or composition may be a recombinant APMV composition or vaccine.

Also provided by the invention are vaccine compositions containing a vaccine antigen, or a DNA vaccine, and the hemicellulose, preferably in crosslinked microparticulate form.

The vaccine may be a subunit vaccine based on HN of NDV.

The reduced shedding characteristic of such a vaccine is in particular advantageous in a vector vaccine.

The methods may comprise administering the vaccine to the subject in need thereof.

The invention also relates to the vaccine containing said composition.

A vaccine containing said virus is also provided.

A multivalent vaccine formula is also disclosed.

An embodiment of this invention includes the creation of a DNA vaccine, a recombinant vaccine, and a T cell epitope vaccine.

The immunogenic conjugate can be used in vaccine and co-vaccine formulations.

An improved T-cell vaccine and methods of making the vaccine are described.