Control of seating torque is achieved by directly measuring armature voltage, field current and armature current.

A table of corresponding values of armature voltage is also maintained.

A microprocessor routine (362) calculates motor speed from the motor armature voltage, field current and armature current.

The microprocessor programmed to generate an armature current setpoint signal, a field current setpoint signal, and an armature voltage reference signal.

If the actual armature voltage is below the calculated value, then the field current setpoint is boosted by an amount sufficient to optimize output torque.

Control of seating torque is achieved by directly measuring armature voltage, field current and armature current.

A table of corresponding values of armature voltage is also maintained.

Uind, and the voltage induced in the armature is determined as the difference between the voltage (Ubat) applied to the terminals of the motor and the product of the armature current by the armature resistance.

A microprocessor routine (362) calculates motor speed from the motor armature voltage, field current and armature current.

An armature body (16) is coupled to the armature bolt.

The armature plate (70) is guided, decoupled from the armature bolt (10), on an armature guide (28).

The armature (31) has an armature plate (32) and an armature pin (33), wherein the armature plate (32) is arranged in a movable manner in an armature chamber (44).

Further by this high capacitor voltage, the energization of each armature coil is made rapidly.

Between each rotor conductor and the rotor surface (11) the rotor core has a narrow slit (42).

The armature assembly comprises an armature bolt (10), an armature bolt (10) which is acted on by a valve spring (24), and an armature plate (70).