As a result, the yield of sapphire products obtained from the ingot of sapphire single crystal is improved.

Various single crystals are disclosed including sapphire.

Provided is single-crystal sapphire for producing a singe-crystal sapphire substrate for LEDs, the sapphire having an optimized content of Ti as an impurity.

Various sapphire and laminate structures are discussed herein.

When the term sapphire is used, blue sapphire is implied.

The word “sapphire” by itself is reserved for blue sapphires.

Blue – Blue Sapphire removes ill effects of Saturn.

Consequently, crystal defects in the ingot of sapphire single crystal produced by crystal growth are removed, thereby suppressing the occurrence of cracks in the sapphire ingot during machining of the sapphire ingot.

Blue Sapphire (Neelam) Blue Sapphire removes evil effects of Saturn.

In a preferred embodiment, the at least one trench extends into the sapphire substrate such that the at least one post further includes a sapphire sidewall an a sapphire floor.

Many even consider Pailin Sapphire to be close in quality to Kashmir, Myanmar and Sri Lankan (Ceylonese) Sapphire.

The most expensive sapphire is the padparadscha, the pinkish-orange sapphire.

Many even consider Pailin sapphire to be close in quality to Kashmir, Burmese and Sri Lankan (Ceylonese) sapphire.

The cover plate comprises at least one layer of modified sapphire having a dielectric constant that is higher than the dielectric constant of sapphire

With the Saphir Basic, the established and successful Saphir line has been expanded by a further clipper.