Several members of the audience expressed their concerns about RMA.

– the relationship between domestic judicial systems and ISDS;

The [regulatory] system is fucking broken in Canada and needs to be fixed.

Since then, many improvements to the PGD process have been made.

Investment Agreement and Investment Authorisation (ISDS applies to these)

Few state lawyers had extensive knowledge of ISDS proceedings.

Many improvements have been made since then to the RCSA method.

NAFTA 2.0 finalized, announced as USMCA: Mexico, United States agree to limit ISDS clause; Canada to pull out of ISDS after a three-year window

This mechanism could take appeals from the existing regime of arbitration-based ISDS as well as from a new standing or court-type ISDS system.[10]

ISDS is therefore necessary to allow legitimate claims to be pursued.

Potential Impact of TTIP on Climate and Energy Policies

However, in the ISDS context, this rationale is fundamentally flawed—the role of TPF in ISDS cannot be equated with providing financing for disadvantaged claimants.[7]

The assessment of trade or ISDS risks involves value choices.

ISDS also create other kinds of pressure for governments.

the relationship between ISDS arbitration and domestic remedies;