A carrier to impairment ratio estimator (26) is coupled with the automatic frequency correction loop (22) for estimating the carrier to impairment ratio of the incoming carrier signal.

up-path carrier-to-thermal noise ratio

Carrier to interference (CIR) ratios are thereafter calculated and compared to a predetermined minimum CIR level for the network.

The carrier power (C) is divided by the noise interference (NI) to produce a value representative of the carrier to interference-noise ratio (C/NI).

The method can improve measure accuracy of the carrier-to-interference-and-noise ratio.

A measure method and apparatus for carrier-to-interference-and-noise ratio are provided.

Carrier-to-interference ratio is used for adapting physical layer properties and/or for deciding on handover.

S / N {\displaystyle S/N} is the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) or the carrier-to-noise ratio (CNR) of the communication signal to the noise and interference at the receiver (expressed as a linear power ratio, not as logarithmic decibels).

S/N is the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) or the carrier-to-noise ratio (CNR) of the communication signal to the Gaussian noise interference expressed as a linear power ratio (not as logarithmic decibels).

is the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) or the carrier-to-noise ratio (CNR) of the communication signal to the noise and interference at the receiver (expressed as a linear power ratio, not as logarithmic decibels).

S/N is the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) or the carrier-to-noise ratio (CNR) of the communication signal to the noise and interference at the receiver (expressed as a linear power ratio, not as logarithmic decibels).

A device and method for estimating a carrier to interference-plus-noise ratio (CINR) in an OFDM system are provided.

In particular the carrier over interference, C/I measurement can be used as a measurement of the radio layer.

The Access Terminal (6) reports to the Access Point (4) the excess C/I estimate for the selected rate.

A receiver for continuous carrier phase tracking of low carrier-to-noise ratio ('CNR') signals from a plurality of radio navigation satellites while the receiver is mobile.