Internal view of the dilation refrigerator of a quantum computer with superconducting circuits.

Internal view of the dilation refrigerator of a quantum computer with superconducting circuits.

This refrigeration is made by means of a refrigerator for dilution He3/He4.

We developed and qualified a dilution refrigerator at 0.1 Kelvin for Planck, which later produced a map of the universe's cosmic background microwave radiation.

Absolute zero cannot be achieved, although it is possible to reach temperatures close to it through the use of cryocoolers, dilution refrigerators, and nuclear adiabatic demagnetization.

These results have driven the design of a novel gravity-insensitive still, the last step in developing a closed-cycle dilution refrigerator adapted to zero-gravity.

The dilution refrigerator was first proposed by Heinz London in the early 1950s, and was experimentally realized in 1964 in the Kamerlingh Onnes Laboratorium at Leiden University.[2]

At low temperatures, the helium-4 rich phase may contain up to 6% of helium-3 in solution, which makes possible the existence of the dilution refrigerator, capable of reaching temperatures of a few mK above absolute zero.