Additionally, the reactor may be a packed bed reactor, a fluidised bed reactor, or a hybrid reactor comprising at least one packed bed reaction chamber and at least one fluidised bed reaction chamber.

The process can be carried out in a fixed bed reactor, a fluidized bed reactor, or a circulating fluidized bed reactor.

One or more slurry phase reactors may be built and positioned upstream from one or more fixed bed reactors of a pre-existing fixed bed system and/or converted from one or more pre-existing fixed bed reactors.

The process can be carried out in a continuous fixed bed reactor.

The coverplate is for a fixed bed reactor wherein the reactor undergoes significant thermal cycles.

The reactor may be any type of fixed bed exothermic containing supported catalyst particles or the reactor bed may be a monolith with catalytic material coated on to the surface of the structural members.

The invention also relates to an improved fixed bed reactor comprising the inventive bypass device and a method for extending the operating life of a fixed bed reactor that employs the inventive bypass device.

The invention likewise relates to the use of the said catalyst, alone or in a mixture, in a fixed-bed or ebullated-bed reactor.

The basin (10) has a continuous flat bottom (16) and contains one or more module(s) (20) for microbiological water treatment, comprising a submerged fixed bed reactor (24) and a gasification unit (26) arranged thereunder.

The catalytic runs were carried out over TiO2 thin film fixed bed reactor.

The supported catalyst can be sized and shaped for use in any type of reactor, including a fixed bed or fluidized bed reactor.

The catalysts may be employed in a continuous flow fixed bed or catalytic distillation reactor.

It has been found that the formation of recombinant mercaptans in the fixed bed reactor effluent may be reduced or eliminated by reducing the concentration of hydrogen sulfide and/or olefins at the exit of the fixed bed reactor.

Butadione is collected by a conventional condensation method at the outlet of the fixed bed reactor.

The invention is directed to a fixed bed reactor (51) having one or more bypass devices for extending the operating life of the reactor.