The transparent conductive film contains an oxide of tin (Sn).

In a preferred embodiment, said electroconductive metal oxide is an Sn oxide.

Disclosed is a multi-layered ITO for a transparent electrode.

For example, tin oxide nanowires are formed on carbon fibers of carbon paper and platinum nanoparticles are deposited on the tin oxide nanowires.

A zirconia, tin or manganese oxide can be added to further inhibit the volatility of molybdenum.

A sintered body containing at least one kind of indium oxide, zinc oxide, and tin oxide and further containing at least one kind of hafnium oxide, tantalum oxide, lanthanide oxide, and bismuth oxide is prepared.

The polymeric overcoat layer includes nanoparticles selected from the group consisting of antimony tin oxide, zinc oxide and indium tin oxide, and has a sheet resistance of greater than about 107 ohm/sq.

The tin oxide content in the third indium tin oxide layer (15) is lower than the tin oxide content in the second indium tin oxide layer (14).

The tin oxide content in the first indium tin oxide layer (13) is lower than the tin oxide content in the second indium tin oxide layer (14).

A tantalum-containing tin oxide for a fuel cell electrode material, comprising tin oxide containing tantalum.

The second layer 54 comprises a metal oxide, such as ITO.

An electrode comprising a metal substrate, a tin oxide surface layer and a buffer layer between the surface layer and the substrate, wherein the tin oxide surface layer incorporates molybdenum.

A substrate is coated with a conducting oxide (e.g., indium tin oxide).

The conductive layer includes antimony tin oxide (ATO), other conductive oxide, or a conductive polymer, such as Orgacon™ 3010.

The content of tin oxide in the ITO film is not less than 30 weight%.