The tariff equivalent of tariff-rate quotas- a case study applied to the import of an agricultural product in romania... The paper presents one methodology of calculating the tariff equivalent of the tariff-rate quota as a particular case of a non-tariff barrier for an agricultural product imported in Romania based on recommendations in international literature....
Trade barriers as outcomes from two-stage games: evidence... In this paper predictions from the two-stage games in Copeland (1990) and Copeland, Tower, and Webb (1989) are empirically investigated using bilateral non-tariff barrier (NTB) data between the United States and nine developed partner countries....
Paper presented to the international agribusiness marketing association conference,... It has been viewed by critics as a form of non tariff barrier and an impediment to imports....
On the effects of emission standards as a non-tariff barrier to trade in the case of a foreign bertrand duopoly: a noteEmploying a model of an environmentally differentiated product market, we analyze how an emission regulation as non-tariff barriers to trade affects imports, the environment, and welfare in the case of a foreign Bertrand duopoly....
