Preferably the electro-optic material is lithium niobate.

In the lithium niobate is a trigonally distorted perovskite-like structure, whereas the lanthanum niobate contains lone NbO3−

A lithium niobate-based grating structure is formed to comprise a plurality of trenches (110) etched directly in the lithium niobate substrate (130).

Electro-optic elements (10) are formed in metal oxide films (21), such as lithium niobate, on a substrate such as lithium niobate for utilization in electro-optical devices (10).

A process for producing optical integrated circuits on lithium niobate substrates in which the composition of the lithium niobate substrates is adjusted by a powder bed equilibration procedure.

with or without mirrors or a Periodically Poled Lithium Niobate (PPLN) crystal

The bias control filter device of the external modulator includes a lithium niobate driver, a lithium niobate modulator, a pre-amplifier and a phase discrimination integrator; a bias control filter is also included.

The method involves heating lithium niobate substrates in the presence of a monolithic sintered source of lithium and/or niobium.

Methods of manufacturing stoichiometric lithium niobate elements are provided.

Methods and apparatus for preconditioning a lithium niobate or lithium tantalate crystal.

An epitaxial layer of crystalline piezoelectric material such as lithium niobate and lithium tantalate can be grown overlying a silicon wafer by first growing an intermediate strain-relief layer on the silicon wafer.

Rose remarked, “Lithium niobate had not been studied before like this.

Lithium niobate, formula LiNbO3, is a piezoelectric crystal belonging to the R3c (161) space group.

The single-crystal piezoelectric material (1) of the sensor (SE) is advantageously lithium niobate (LiNbO3).

It consists of a rod-shaped crystal of a piezoelectric material, lithium niobate (center).