The method includes depositing a nanoparticle ink on a surface of a wafer to form a non-densified thin film, the nanoparticle ink having set of nanoparticles, wherein at least some nanoparticles of the set of nanoparticles include dopant atoms therein.

The nanoparticle superlattice includes nanoparticles.

These nanoparticles are solid nanoparticles, i.e., nanoparticles having no internal cavity.

The nanoparticles may comprise palladium nanoparticles.

The nanoparticles can be mesoporous silica nanoparticles or core-shell silica nanoparticles.

The invention provides nanoparticles, methods for making nanoparticles, and methods for using nanoparticles.

Typically, the semiconducting nanoparticles are inorganic semiconducting nanoparticles.

The nanoparticles are carbon nanoparticles, metal nanoparticles, or combinations thereof.

The nanoparticles may include one or both of spherical and elongated nanoparticles.

Compositions containing metal nanoparticles, mixed-metal (alloy) nanoparticles, metal oxide nanoparticles and mixed-metal oxide nanoparticles with narrow size distributions and high purities.

Specifically, these nanoparticles potentiate the efficiency of known metallic nanoparticles.

The (meth)acrylate functionalize nanoparticles are selected from the group consisting of silica nanoparticles, zirconia nanoparticles, titania nanoparticles, and combinations thereof.

The silica nanoparticles include nonspherical silica nanoparticles and/or spherical pyrogenic silica nanoparticles.

Typically, the semiconducting nanopartiσles are inorganic semiconducting nanoparticles.

The (meth)acrylate functionalize nanoparticles are selected from the group consisting of silica nanoparticles, zirconia nanoparticles, titania nanoparticles, and combinations thereof.