The controller includes an input/output (I/O) module and a rule module.

An Intelligent Electronic Device (IED) includes a plurality of hardware modules including a pair of analog input modules (AIM) modules, a Power Supply Module (PSM), and a Binary Input/Output (BIO) module.

Then, the server E-O converts the bursts, and then transmits the optical bursts to the optical I/O module.

According to one aspect, the subject matter described herein includes a packet forwarding device including at least one input/output (I/O) module.

The device I/O module may send and receive information to and from a server device through the device I/O module.

An optical high-speed I/O module within the multi-server system includes an optical switch with the control interface unit.

The interface device can contain an application engine and an I/O module, providing a flexible architecture and allowing several different operating modes.

A middleware in the reproducing apparatus includes a file I/O module (34) that controls data input/output of the removable medium in accordance with a request from an application program.

Once these programmable configuration registers are written to, the I/O module responds to data and control signals in a defined manner.

The data for the transfer can be communicated between the input-output module and the exterior device through either wireless or an electrical connection means.