Embodiments of the present invention provide mesoscale or microscale three-dimensional structures (e.g. components, device, and the like).

The materials may be optionally enhanced with micro-scale and/or nano-scale technologies/components.

The walls can include surfaces and micro-scale pores (128).

The pumps may be used in thermally-driven heat exchangers for various large-scale and micro-scale applications.

The movement and mixing of microdroplets through microchannels is described employing microscale device.

The device is preferably operable at the microscale.

It ranges from micro-scale transistors to macro-scale network systems.

It ranges from microscale transistors to macro-scale network systems.

According to one aspect of the present disclosure, a device for micro-scale spectroscopy is disclosed.

The method of manufacture obviates the traditional assembly of microscale components to form a device because the microscale components are formed in situ or within the device.

Materials forming layers of the panels may be enhanced with micro-scale and/or nano-scale technologies/components.

Exemplary embodiments provide a micro-scale optical force sensor.

Methods of monitoring transporter activity, gradient induced activity, and binding activity in microscale systems, as well as corresponding microscale devices, systems and kits are provided.

It ranges from micro-scale transistors to macro-scale network system ... [+]

Capacitor plates in a MEMS device of the invention are carried on cantilevered opposing micro-scale plates (12, 14) separated by a micro-scale gap (18) under an unstrained condition.