The equivalent characteristic impedance measurement may be used to count the number of metallic conductors connected to a single connection point.

The passive impedance (7) is of the same order of magnitude as the characteristic impedance.

Furthermore, the apparatus provides a circuit having a characteristic impedance which can be adjusted to match the characteristic impedance of electrical interconnect circuits.

The terminal resistor (11) is adapted to the characteristic impedance of the coaxial connector (12) and to the measurement connection.

By measuring an electrical characteristic of the dressing, such as the impedance, the hydration thereof can be determined and monitored.

The impedance of the load (6) is equal to the characteristic impedance (RL) of the transmission line (TL).

The impendance of the load (6) is equal to the characteristic impedance RL of the transmission line (TL).

The bioelectrical impedance measurement device (22) measures the impedance detected by the second pair of electrodes (50).

The output impedance of the basic buffer is higher than the characteristic impedance of the transmission line.

In one example, an impedance measurement circuit measures the impedance between electrodes in a plurality of pairs of electrodes.

The received signal is responsive to the formation impedance.

This system (8) comprises means (34, 36, 42) for adapting the input impedance so as to match the characteristic line impedance.

The equivalent characteristic impedance measurement may be used to count the number of metallic conductors connected to a single connection point.

The terminating impedance (5) matches well with the characteristic impedance of the transmission line (3) even at high frequencies.

The impedance measuring device (116) is in circuit with the return electrodes (112) and measures the impedance of tissue.