There are used circuit arrangement and operation scheme required by the phase change memory using the destructive read and OR-cell.

That is, a so-called destructive read is performed.

The referenced read operations can be initiated at the same time or prior to that of the destructive self-referenced read operation.

The invention relates to a circuit for the non-destructive, self-normalizing reading-out of MRAM memory cells.

In addition, information obtained by this nondestructive reading method is used to easily and quickly judge the authenticity of an article.

In addition to being non-volatile, reading does not destroy data, eliminating the need to refresh content.

There are used circuit arrangement and operation scheme required by the phase change memory using the destructive read and OR-cell.

The memory cells are read with a non-destructive read out method that differentiates between the different capacitances of a ferroelectric capacitor in different ferroelectric polarization states.

The signal obtained by the non-destructive out is used to display a colour image on a display unit (21) at a high frame rate.

Such reconstruction may be non-destructive.

The interference can be constructive or destructive.

Human self-love has become insatiable and destructive.

Let us refuse to allow ourselves to be organised, to be crushed by this destructive power that the city tends to be: destructive of places, destructive of spaces, destructive of lives.

Mahakali is the great destroyer, the creator-destroyer.

Widespread drug use is a sign of a serious malfunction in the social system; it also implies a materialistic and, in a certain sense, destructive "reading" of human needs.