The applied potential can be the cell potential or an adjusted potential.

The reference potential can be between the power supply potential and the boosted potential.

The applied potential can be the cell potential or an adjusted potential.

The high-side drive circuit operates at a potential between the intermediate potential (VS) and the power supply potential (VB), with the intermediate potential (VS) as the reference potential.

The low power potential (VBL) corresponds to a potential difference between the high power potential (VBH) and a high power potential (V1).

The bias potential is greater than the supply potential.

The reference potential is the potential developed across a defined one of the resistors.

The reference potential is a positive potential (+0.5V).

The potential difference between the high level and low level is smaller than the potential difference between the power supply potential VDD and the ground potential.

In the segment group, the potential is cyclically increased or decreased between the first potential and the second potential in regard to a circumferential direction.

The intensity of the infrared ray is outputted as a potential difference between the reference potential and the detection potential.

[Problem] To suppress side reactions of a secondary battery in accordance with cathode potential and anode potential. [Solution] This control device has a controller that controls the charging/discharging of a secondary battery.

A potential is applied to the EC device to lower the starting potential.

The clamping circuit clamps the display electrode pairs at the power supply potential and ground potential.

Accordingly, the low power potential (VBL) can follow the high power potential (VBH), that is a high power potential of the light emitting element.