Strain velocity may be determined from tissue velocity.

An embodiment specifies cooling rate, forging temperature and strain rate.

The strain velocity is then calculated (14) as a gradient of tissue velocity.

This intermediate result is used to produce the strain rate.

increasing the yield point by increasing the strain rate

The strain rate and the dynamic yield stress appropriate for this strain rate must be determined.

The rate of deformation of the primary chamber (40) exceeds the flow rate into the secondary chamber (50), thereby providing a cushioning effect.

Alternatively, linear regression methods may be used to calculate strain velocity from tissue velocity.

The increase in the strain rate, which leads to higher strengths but reduced deformation capacity.

However, it should be remembered that, when the deformation of the solid is viscous, these internal forces increase with the deformation rate.

In subsystem 2 the changes of pressure and flow are approximated by the deformation velocity or velocity of the radial and longitudinal direction, respectively.

The strain rate of the material sample under test together with the original length L of the material sample is:

The process is characterized by high throughput, due to its continuity, and by precise control of the process parameter, such as solidification rate, rolling temperature and speed and total deformation.

The variable diameter compensates for the elastic limit variation versus the deformation velocity, thereby obtaining a constant force.

The plurality of electronic acceleration sensors measures changes in acceleration of the vehicle body at different locations and therefore the rate of deformation of the vehicle body.