The copper etching solution comprises an acidic aqueous solution containing cupric ions, halide ions, and a non-ionic surfactant.
The iodonium ylide group is substituted by nucleophiles such as halide ions to provide the corresponding haloaryl derivatives.
The invention relates to methods employing pH-buffered, redox-stabilized compositions comprising halide and oxyhalide ions.
A humidity indicator comprising a support coloured or impregnated with a copper halide or other salts capable of releasing Cu++ ions and halide ions and one or more dyes.
A method and apparatus for simultaneously conducting a hydrothermal reaction and electrolysis in the presence of ions of a strong acid, such as halide ions.
In one important implementation, the reactant controlled comprises halide ion in a reactor during the precipitation and growth of silver halide grains.
The reactants can be added step-wise to the solvent, and the method can include using a stoichiometric excess of the ammonium tetrafluoroborate to form a substantially halide ion-free electrolyte solution.
Furthermore, the halide anions produced as a result of the oxidation of anhydrous hydrogen halide are dry, thereby eliminating the need for a preheater before the halide anions are reacted with carbon monoxide.
Preferably, N most recent measured halide ion concentrations and measured halide and silver feed stream flow rates are stored and used in determining the estimated balide ion concentration.
Requêtes fréquentes français :1-200, -1k, -2k, -3k, -4k, -5k, -7k, -10k, -20k, -40k, -100k, -200k, -500k, -1000k,
Requêtes fréquentes anglais :1-200, -1k, -2k, -3k, -4k, -5k, -7k, -10k, -20k, -40k, -100k, -200k, -500k, -1000k,
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