The preferred Group VIII transition metal oxide is cobalt oxide.

The preferred Group IIA alkaline earth metal is strontium oxide.

The group IIIB or IVB metal compound is preferably a zirconium compound and is typically in an aqueous medium.

The doped layer of Cadmium Selenide is then coated with a solution including a solvent and at least one of the following chlorides: chlorides of Group IA elements, chlorides of group IB elements, and chlorides of Group IIIB elements.

The composition is prepared by mixing together; (a) Group IIIB or IVB metal compound; and (b) a reaction product of an epoxy group-containing polymer or oligomer, a hydroxy functional acid and a dialkanolamine.

The silicon nitride ceramic may further contain at least one compound of a group IIa, group IIIb or transition metal element in an amount of at most 5 vol.% in terms of the oxide of the element.

The process comprises the application of a Group IIIB or IVB metal compound to the surfaces of the metal coated sheet steel prior to contacting the metal surface with a protective lubricant.

The phosphor being activated by a rare earth metal and containing a Group IIIB element as a partial substitute for a portion of aluminum, gallium or indium of said thiogallate, thioindate and thioaluminate.

A photocatalyst which comprises the oxynitride(s) of at least one transition metal and optionally further contains at least one element selected from the group consisting of alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, and Group IIIB metals.

These methods include contacting the ferrous metal substrate with an aqueous pretreatment composition comprising: (a) a Group IIIB and/or IVB metal compound; (b) phosphate ions; and (c) water.

These methods include contacting the ferrous metal substrate with an aqueous pretreatment composition comprising: (a) a Group IIIB and/or IVB metal compound; (b) phosphate ions; and (c) water.

Preferably, the calcium fluoride precipitate is doped with at least one of a plurality of lanthanide ions, preferably Eu?+2, Eu+3¿, ions of Tb or Dy, or at least one group IIIb ion, preferably, ions of T1.