constitutes a genuine and determining occupational requirement;

the prohibition responds to a determining and essential professional requirement, and

■ constitutes a genuine and determining occupational requirement;

the language restriction is justified by a business necessity; and

the restriction is justified by a business necessity, and

the prohibition responds to a determining and essential professional requirement, and

The ban responds to a determining and essential professional requirement.

(23) It is clear that such a profession of belief does not constitute, in this case, an occupational requirement, much less one that is genuine and justified.

The ECJ ruled that it cannot be considered a genuine and determining occupational requirement:

Different treatment may be justified by genuine and determining occupational requirements.

Nonetheless, discrimination may be justified if there is a genuine and determining occupational requirement.

Discriminatory treatment can be justified if a substantial and vital work-related requirement can be demonstrated.

by reason of the nature of the particular occupational activities concerned, or of the context in which they are carried out, such a characteristic constitutes a genuine and determining occupational requirement,

by reason of the nature of the particular occupational activities concerned, or of the context in which they are carried out, such a characteristic constitutes a genuine and determining occupational requirement

It noted that only in very limited circumstances can characteristic related to religion constitute a genuine and determining occupational requirement.