The invention provides methods for global motion estimation, determining a coarse estimation (130), and refining a coarse estimation (150).

The system comprises a synchronization circuit that is capable of obtaining a coarse frequency estimate of the single carrier signal and a fine frequency estimate of the single carrier signal.

Subsequently, a coarse channel estimation and a finer DC estimation are performed simultaneously, and the refined DC estimate is removed.

A coarse DC estimation is performed, and the estimate is removed from the received sequence.

The data have to be regarded as rough estimates of the wind conditions.

(As noted above, that’s probably a gross underestimate.)

(As discussed below, this may be an underestimate.)

This is undoubtedly a gross underestimation of the real death toll.

Undoubtedly, this is a significant underestimation of the real death toll.

Obviously the "secret meetings" continued in great seriousness (an understatement of grossness).

This is almost certainly a serious underestimate of the true scale of civilian casualties.

The "eight glasses a day" that you hear recommended is just a rough estimate.

Systems and methods according to the present invention provide channel estimation methods, systems and devices which determine a coarse channel estimate (40) and a fine channel estimate (66).

A coarse estimate of a location of an information carrying part of a symbol in a received signal in a telecommunication system is generated.

In fact, as a rough estimate, 20 % of European cities (79) face that danger.