Thus, this general procedure is sometimes also referred to as least squares estimation. (see also the description of weighted least squares estimation).

The linearized system of equations may be a least square estimate of the damping based on the logarithm of each amplitude.

To study this relationship, I employ the dynamic ordinary least squares (DOLS) estimation method.

PLS regression fits the x-scores, which replace the original terms in the model, using least squares estimation.

We also discuss the value of two-stage least-squares estimation when exploiting an instrumental variable.