the trees are representative of the mean defoliation level of the plot (±5 % of the mean foliage loss

the trees are representative of the mean defoliation level of the plot (±5 % of the mean foliage loss),

The classification of trees into degrees of defoliation shall be carried out during the observation and shall be registered in 5 % steps.

Defoliation figure for each sample tree expressed as a percentage (in steps of 5 %) compared with a tree with complete foliage.

The extent of symptoms reflecting defoliation (e.g. leaf damage by defoliators) indicates the % of the leaf area which is lost due to the action of the agent/factor concerned.

Defoliation shall be estimated annually in 5 % steps in relation to a tree with full foliage in local condition.

The most telling parameter used as an indicator for climate change is defoliation, i.e. an estimation of the rate of leaf loss for the trees studied (regardless of other contingencies that may affect them).

The most telling parameter used as an indicator for climate change is defoliation, i.e. an estimation of the rate of leaf loss for the trees studied (regardless of other contingencies that may affect them).