There are two types of exchange rates currently in use: 3 dB(A) exchange rate or the "3 dB rule," and 5 dB(A) exchange rate or the "5 dB rule.

This permits control of the overall equivalence ratio and the fuel/air mixing process in the combustion zone, improving efficiency and operability.

The equivalence ratio of thiol functional groups to unsaturated CC bonds being less than 0,3, preferably between 0,01 and 0,25.

+ When 3 dB exchange rate is used, generally there is no separate regulation for impulse/impact noise.

Increased in-cylinder turbulence and stratified hydrogen injection can be used to minimize hydrogen requirements for operation at a given equivalence ratio value.

The exchange rate is the amount that the sound level may increase if the exposure time is halved.

The exchange rate is the amount by which the permitted sound level may increase if the exposure time is halved.

The OELs depend on two key factors that are used to prepare exposure-duration tables: the criterion level and the exchange rate.

A control system is used to increase equivalence ratio at increased torque or power requirements while avoiding the knock that would be produced by high compression ratio operation.

The present invention relates to a process for producing CuInSe2 and CuIn1XGa,Se2 thin films used as an absorption layer for a solar cell such that they have a structure near to chemical equivalence ratio.

Coating composition comprising one or more polythiols and one or more polyisocyanates and a latent base catalyst which is activatable by moisture, wherein the equivalence ratio NCO : SH is between 1 :2 and 2:1.

Alternatively, using a 3 dB(A) exchange rate, impulse noise can be considered jointly with any continuous noise, in measuring the overall Leq sound level.