In an embodiment, the characteristic is an electrical characteristic, such as electrical resistance.

By using a distributed constant error model, the electric characteristic of the object is corrected by using the electric characteristic of the through chip so as to determine the electric characteristic of the single object.

In some embodiments, the electrical characteristic is capacitance, in other embodiments impedance can be the measured electrical characteristic.

The hose assembly (12) has an electrical characteristic.

Arrangement to determine at least one electrical feature of an electrical device (1).

An electrical characteristic offset can be determined based on an average electrical characteristic value of a plurality of detected electrical characteristics.

The difference between the electrical characteristic offset value and an instantaneously detected electrical characteristic value can be used to determine power consumption of the appliance.

The pattern may include one or more of the machine discernable electrical characteristic, optical characteristic, topographic characteristic or magnetic characteristic.

The sensor detects an electrical characteristic of the power source.

The first electrical characteristic is approximately proportional to the second electrical characteristic over a predetermined range of temperatures, the predetermined range of temperatures being greater than zero.

The recording device is configured for storing the measured electrical characteristic.

A measurement error correcting method and an electric component characteristic measuring device capable of measuring an electrical characteristic without calibrating a measuring instrument.

In some embodiments, the electrical characteristic of the electronic indicator can be measured by an electrical characteristic reader and used to determine efficacy of a cleaning cycle.

A codec is configured to measure at least one electrical characteristic of a device connected to a jack and to identify the device based on the measured electrical characteristic (40).

The test device is configured to test an electrical characteristic of the conductor and to produce a test result based at least in part on the electrical characteristic.