Using birefringence from the fine grains of the dielectric material and birefringence from the protrusions and depressions of the substrate allows increasing the birefringence quantity and making a thin film.

Low-hygroscopicity low-birefringence resin compositions.

Since strains in these directions create birefringence, elimination of these strains will minimize the birefringence.

The window may be annealed to reduce birefringence.

The material is torsion-free hence avoiding the torsional stresses which produce circular birefringence but the spinning averages out the stress induced linear birefringence and the form birefringence.

The second zone is characterized by at least some of the layers having a reduced birefringence relative to their birefringence in the first zone.

An angle between the birefringence modulators consisting of the optical fiber polarization scrambler is configured to compensate the effect of circular birefringence.

A touch sensing liquid crystal display is made with a stack of layers that has controlled or low birefringence.

The optical axis and the magnitude of the birefringence of the anterior segment is first determined, then the birefringence of the anterior segment is nulled by a variable retarder (37).

The phase difference film uses a structure which simultaneously has both a structural birefringent index and a molecule oriented birefringent index.

The strain on the retarder layer results in stress- induced birefringence, and the predetermined orientation of the retarder substantially compensates for the stress-induced birefringence.

The third resin (C) contains a polymer (X) with positive intrinsic birefringence and cross-linked particles of a polymer (Y) with negative intrinsic birefringence.

The electro-optic sensor again birefringently modulates the light.

The optical fibers (102) are low-birefringence optical fibers.

The optical fibers are low-birefringence optical fibers.