Vibrio alginolyticus is a Gram-negative marine bacterium.

Both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria are microorganisms which may be modified as aforesaid.

Neisseria gonorrhoeae, a gram-negative diplococcus, is the causative agent for this disease.

The method is not limited to Yersinia cells, but can be used with other Gram-negative bacteria as well.

In terms of popularity as a laboratory model organism B. subtilis is often used as the Gram-positive equivalent of Escherichia coli, an extensively studied Gram-negative rod.

According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Klebsiella pneumoniae is a gram-negative bacterium that is commonly found in the human digestive system 1.

In the present invention, a structure containing an O-antigen originated from a gram-negative bacterium (e.g., a lipopolysaccharide) is used as an antigen for the vaccine.

What’s interesting about these LPSs is the fact that even after the gram-negative bacteria has been destroyed, these molecules still provoke an immune response.

What’s interesting about these LPSs is the fact that even after the gram-negative bacteria has been destroyed, these molecules still provoke an immune response.

The present invention also includes screening methods and methods of blocking the introduction of a bacterial protein translocated by a translocation system in a Gram-negative bacterium employing a targeting signal into a eukaryotic cell.

The causative agent of pertussis is Gram-negative bacterium Bordetella pertussis, which is very unstable in the external environment and dies after being treated with standard disinfectants.

It is expected that the obtained substances are efficacious as drugs which are selectively effective on pathogenic gram-negative bacteria having the type III secretion system.

A microorganism may be a gram-negative bacterium that has been modified to produce high potency lipopolysaccharide, e.g., Yersinia pestis expressing LpxL.

These inhibitors were shown to be active against the type III protein secretion system of other Gram-negative bacteria, such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Namely, a method wherein myo-inositol is treated with a gram-negative bacterium capable of converting myo-inositol into L-epi-2-inosose to thereby convert the myo-inositol into L-epi-2-inosose.