A silicon substrate (1) is immersed for 30 minutes in azeotropic nitric acid heated at the azeotropic point of 120.7°C to form a very thin chemical oxide film (5) on the surface of the silicon substrate (1).
Distillation alone cannot perform any further separation beyond the azeotropic point.
A concentration of diluted hydrochloric acid above this azeotropic point cannot be realized with simple distillation.
Preference is given to using an azeotropic mixture.
The azeotropic mixture may be subcooled (35) in the forecooling circuit.
A method of efficiently separating pentafluorochloroethane from a mixture containing the same and pentafluoroethane, which comprises distilling said mixture to thereby evaporate an azeotropic mixture composed of both the halogenated ethanes.
R500 is an azeotropic mixture consisting of R12 and R152a.
The water evaporates together with the solvent, and this azeotropic mixture is analyzed.
The present invention relates to an azeotropic or azeotrope-like mixture consisting essentially of 1,1,1,2,3,3-hexafluoropropane, hexafluoropropene and hydrogen fluoride.
The reaction is catalyzed by a basic catalyst, and can be driven by the removal of alcohol as an alcohol/saturated hydrocarbon azeotrope.
The fumigant can be produced by combining the water and surfactant with an intial mixture that is an azeotropic or azeotrope-like mixture of methyl iodide and at least one fluorocarbon or hydrofluorocarbon.
Paraffins in the hydroformylation product are then separated from alcohols and/or aldehydes by azeotropic distillation in an azeotropic distillation column.
Consequently, a step of water removal by azeotropic distillation can be eliminated.
Disclosed herein is a process for the separation of HFC-1234ze and HF by azeotropic distillation.
The processes can be carried out in the presence of water because water is removed by azeotropic distillation.
Cyclic esters of hydroxy organic acids can be produced and recovered via azeotropic distillation.
The invention relates to quasi-azeotropic or azeotropic compositions containing chloromethane.
Azeotrope-like and nonazeotropic compositions of 1,1,1,3,3-penta fluoropropane and ethylene oxide are provided.
Disclosed herein is an azeotrope or azeotrope-like composition comprising 3,3,3-trifluoropropene and hydrogen fluoride.
The fumigant compositions comprise an azeotropic and azeotrope-like composition of methyl iodide and at least one fluorocarbon or hydrofluorocarbon.
The azeotropic solvent can be easily recycled
Preferably, the solvent comprises azeotropic solvent.
Azeotropic or azeotrope-like compositions are disclosed.
An azeotropic composition includes a perfluorinated cycloaminoether and an organic solvent.
The invention is characterized by adding solvent which can be azeotropic with acetic acid but no side reaction with acetic acid and acetic anhydride during synthesis, meanwhile adding catalyst in both two step reactions.
In one embodiment, these compositions are azeotropic or azeotrope-like.
This invention relates to a refrigerant that is azeotropic or near-azeotropic and comprises a binary blend of R1270 and R161, R170 and R717, or R744 and R41.
Azeotropic or azeotrope-like compositions are disclosed.
Also disclosed is an azeotropic composition comprising CF3CCI=CH2, and HF.
In one embodiment, these compositions are azeotropic or azeotrope-like.
In one embodiment, these compositions are azeotropic or azeotrope-like.
Requêtes fréquentes français :1-200, -1k, -2k, -3k, -4k, -5k, -7k, -10k, -20k, -40k, -100k, -200k, -500k, -1000k,
Requêtes fréquentes anglais :1-200, -1k, -2k, -3k, -4k, -5k, -7k, -10k, -20k, -40k, -100k, -200k, -500k, -1000k,
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