This unique system is characterized by the presence of two distinct mitochondrial genomes: a genome M transmitted by males and found in sperm cells, and a genome F transmitted by females, present in all tissues in females, and in somatic tissues in males.

In 1997, a fifth mtDNA haplogroup was identified in Native Americans.

The maternal (mtDNA) lineages that they carried were U2e, U4, U5a1, U5a2 and U5b.

Councils may also request this test be done for the same reasons.

Thus N appears to be the major mtDNA source outside of Africa.

The boy belonged to mtDNA haplogroup D4h3a, common among modern Amerindians.

The female mtDNA Haplogroups match the male groups more or less precisely.

Thus, all females came from one Eve whose mtDNA line was L.

As such M. neritoides appeared to have one of the most diverse mtDNA among all marine gastropods for which such data are available, so variable that it is called hyperdiverse mtDNA.

A sample is taken from a human whose ancestry is to be determined, mitochondial DNA (mtDNA) extracted therefrom and sequenced.

Mitochondrial Eve was merely the youngest common ancestor of all today's mtDNA.

Their female mtDNA groups entered the Parthians and also the Riphathian Celts.

The researchers suggested that mtDNA haplogroup variation was primarily influenced by climatic selective pressures.

Another one from Loschbour in Luxembourg belonged to mtDNA U5b1a and Y-DNA I2.

Distribution of mtDNA haplogroups H1 & H3 in Europe, North Africa and the Middle East