The stress liner imparting stress on material proximate the stress liner.

The strain gauges measure this stress and generate signals that provide a measure of the stress.

The first stress liner is a tensile stress liner and the second stress liner is a compressive stress liner.

The stress in the stress balance layer approximately equals the stress in the active layer.

Of particular concern is the change in the stress state of the cap from compressive to tensile stress.

The hard constraint identifies a first constraint that is to be satisfied, and the soft constraint identifies a second constraint that is to be reduced.

The property being constrained. e.g. colour if the constraint is colour = blue.

The effective strain (εeffcr) at a selected nodal point is compared with the effective strain criteria (εeffcr) to determine if the effective strain (εeff) exceeds the effective strain criteria (εeffcr).