shadow economy, underground economy, informal economy, illicit work

informal economy, entrepreneurship, shadow economy, underground economy, shadow economy, Ukraine

Underground economy: collection and analysis of information

Significant underground economy undermines public resources

That would flush out some underground economy, too, I imagine.

Are these activities part of or different from the shadow economy, the cash economy, the parallel economy, the subterranean economy, etc.?

A large shadow economy is a reflection and cause of a dysfunctional government,” explained Bar-El.

In this shadow economy, consumers are being misled, and people get hurt.

A large shadow economy reduces tax revenues, as alluded to in the first item.

These countries’ economic problems are directly connected to the fact that their shadow economy is so large.

The “black economy” is now called the “informal economy.

It is estimated that Italy has the biggest "black economy" in Western Europe.

The scale of this trafficking has led to a major black economy, which is a factor in destabilizing States.

The scale of this trafficking has led to a major black economy, which is a factor in destabilizing States.

With the exception of the GEM (recognized as NGO activity), these solidarity activities, old and new, are taking place outside the formal economy, with its high taxes – making the ‘black economy’ grow instead of shrink.