A voltage-waveform detector produces a voltage-feedback signal and a discharge-time signal by multi-sampling a voltage signal of a transformer.

A voltage-waveform detector produces a voltage-feedback signal and a discharge-time signal by multi-sampling a voltage signal of a transformer.

In an aspect, equalization is performed by sub-sampling an over-sampled input signal to obtain multiple sub-sampled signals.

The status of the memory modules may be determined by sampling a single signal that may be at a low, high, or intermediate voltage level.

In an embodiment, an ADC generates digital values of H bits by sampling an input signal at corresponding time instances.

The sampling frequency of a digital signal is converted from 96 kHz to 48 kHz for each frame by a down-sampling unit (13).

The operation of the voltage pump can be monitored by sampling a control signal that corresponds to the operation of the voltage pump.