As a consequence, this would certainly not involve an exchange of consent sealed by an exchange of rings.

This exchange of consents may occur in any manner, including verbally and/or by telephone (see below).

There is no exchange of vows but a liturgy of the hands, symbol of labor and workers’ solidarity.

Would it not be strange for a priest who had no role in the training of the spouses to witness their vows and even have no idea whether they are properly prepared?

Would it not be strange for a priest who had no role in the training of the spouses to witness their vows and even have no idea whether they are properly prepared?