A light emitter includes a supporting surface, a solid state light source positioned on the spreader region, and an encapsulant positioned on the spreader region to surround the light source.

This works on the principle of determining the “spread area” during progressive cooking for dhals as well as rice, and reading the cooking time form a graph plotted.

A light emitter includes a supporting surface, a solid state light source positioned on the spreader region, and an encapsulant positioned on the spreader region to surround the light source.

The spread circuit (53) uses the calculated spread amount to perform a spread process.

A spread unit (13) is provided with a time spread unit (25) and a frequency spread unit (27).

Each spreading code is selected from a set of spreading codes.

The synchronization tracking unit contains a spread code generation unit which generates a spread code synchronized with a spread symbol.

The frequency spread unit (27) multiplies a frequency region spread code (X'n,j).

The spreading control part (107) controls, based on a line quality, the spreading manners in the spreading parts (102,103).

The time spread unit (25) multiplies a time region spread code (Xn,j).

A spectrum-spreading section (118) carries out a spreading processing at a predetermined spreading percentage.

Each of the sub-symbols is despread by a spreading code with a lower spreading factor than a spreading factor of the retransmission feedback symbol.

A spread code generator (42) switches spread codes (Scai, Scbi) for each frame, and outputs to a spread/modulation unit (41).

Each satellite in the constellation is to be allocated a spreading code from the set of spreading codes.

Each block is processed using a set of spreading sequences using correlations between pairs of spreading sequences in the set.