A potentiometer equalizes voltage at electrodes undergoing measurement compared to grounded electrodes.

For a galvanic procedure, no voltage is applied to the electrodes.

The plasma tube array displays an image by emitting light by applying a voltage to the signal electrodes and the display counter electrodes (21).

An electric circuit (7) supplies a high voltage potential to the electrodes (5) and induces an electric arc discharge across the electrodes (5).

The adjustable aperture construction of the invention comprises two electrodes, and an electrical circuit for applying a voltage to the electrodes in order to create an electric field between the electrodes.

The second state is set by applying a third voltage to the gate and drain electrodes and fourth voltage to the source electrode.

The first state is set by applying a first voltage to the source and drain electrodes and a second voltage to the gate electrode.

According to the invention, the electrodes are arranged in a line and said apparatuses are provided to apply voltage to the electrodes (1) consecutively along the line.

The method comprises the steps of inserting the liquid mixture between suitably shaped and positioned electrodes and applying a voltage to the electrodes in order to produce a non-uniform electric field between the electrodes.

When a voltage is applied to electrodes, X-ray absorbing material in the suspension will move to the excited electrodes under the influence of electrophoresis.

A control unit applies a voltage to the electrodes and changes the iron core (101) to an electromagnet (101) by a magnetic field produced between the electrodes.

When the current or voltage across the electrodes increases beyond a threshold, the excess current or voltage will cause a bubble to be created within the fluid to reduce or inhibit the flow of electricity between the electrodes.

An electrical power bus (40) comprises one or more output terminals (45) that conduct voltage to the electrodes (25).

A driving means provides a voltage potential to the electrodes to cause the movement of the at least one plate.

An electrical power bus (40) comprises one or more output terminals (45) that conduct voltage to the electrodes (25).