Joint use of B2O3 and Bi2O3 enables attaining further lowering of the firing temperature.

The catalyzed channels at the inlet end of the combustor reduce the light-off temperature enough to deactivate the catalyst.

There is a dramatic reduction in the light-off temperature of the TWC caused by hydrogen and the trapping of hydrocarbons, and excellent control of hydrocarbons can be achieved at start-up.

The recording layer (12) is formed from an organic pigment having a kick-off temperature of 240℃ or less.

Provided is a method for manufacturing a catalyst for exhaust gas cleaning with a low initiation temperature for carbon combustion.

In a particular aspect, the fiber material can be subjected to an anneal-quench at an anneal-quench temperature that approximates a prime-temperature at which the polymer material most rapidly crystallizes.

Film layers made from such formulated compositions have surprisingly good heat seal properties, and an especially good reduction in heat seal initiation temperature.

Film layers made from such formulated compositions have suprisingly good heat seal properties, and an especially good reduction in heat seal initiation temperature.

The fuel unit includes a reactant that can undergo a thermal decomposition reaction that produces hydrogen gas when heated to at least a minimum initiation temperature.

By using electrical current for direct heating of a catalyst portion, reaction starts as soon as the resistance heating achieves the temperature for initiating the catalytic reaction.

Any variation in the rates of materials reaching their seal initiation temperature, even by fractions of a second, can have a measureable effect on seal strength.