Each elementary surface receives the electron beam (4; 32).

The molten metal is withdrawn for every partial surface (34), and the molten metal (24) withdrawn solidifies, so that a formed material (26) is formed, of which a cross-sectional shape corresponds to a shape of the start surface (66).

A retainment element that includes an element surface is disposed along the flexible wall such that at least the element surface is outwardly exposed.

Further, a reduction of cell area can be attained.

To this end, a surface of the affected object (1) is scanned entirely, or at least in the area of a partial surface (8), wherefrom at least one result is derived.

The element surfaces (16) and the group of partial surfaces (17) occupy an identical surface area from between 40 % to 70 % of the individual cell (15).

Representative element area (REA) is the smallest area that can be modeled to yield consistent results, within acceptable limits of variance of the modeled property.

The area ratio of the thermoelectric elements (11, 12) to the module being set to at least 69% can increase the output per unit area of the thermoelectric conversion module (10).

The fractional value of the surface (AN) of the n-th divided surface element is equal to the ratio of the sum of all first partial surfaces (8) to the overall surface of all the first and second partial surfaces (8;9).

Each micro-lens (Li) defines a sub-soft aperture (SPi), and focuses an elementary surface of said wavefront, intercepted by said sub-soft aperture, to form a spot (Ti) on the detector.