The Total roughness, noted Rt, which indicates the maximum deviation recorded over the length.

They relate the total effective roughness level with the sound power of the track, the wheels and the superstructure respectively.

The Rt defines the total roughness recorded, i.e. the sum of the maximum peak with the maximum valley.

The total effective roughness for the j-th track section and each t-th vehicle type at its corresponding v speed shall be used in the method.

The last child is a weighted average (calculated outside the system) of the different road segments, which is what is reported as the total Roughness.

The Total roughness, noted Rt, which indicates the maximum deviation recorded over the length.

The surface roughness (Rz) is a ten-point average roughness.

Preferably the textile has a coarseness such that at least 30% of the total surface of said textile is open to air.

The back (100a) of the substrate of the InGaAs laser is processed into an optically irregularly reflecting face having a continuous irregularity the surface roughness (Rq: root mean square roughness) of which is 100 nm.

The surface roughness Ra(b) and the surface roughness Ra(i) are arithmetical mean roughness values and are surface roughness parameters determined in accordance with a Germany standard "DIN-4768".

They relate the total effective roughness level with the sound power of the track, the wheels and the superstructure respectively.

Vehicle transfer function for wheel and bogie emission

The preliminary average surface roughness is less than the final average surface roughness.

The surface of the coating layer subjected to the surface roughening has an arithmetic average roughness (Ra) of 0.01 μm or more, and an average length (RSm) of a roughness curve element of 0.5μm or less.

The second surface roughness value is lower than the first surface roughness value.