Vehicle transfer function for wheel and bogie emission

Wheel and rail roughness

Vehicle transfer function for wheel and bogie emission

Wheel and rail roughness

The surface roughness (Rz) is a ten-point average roughness.

The surface roughness Ra(b) and the surface roughness Ra(i) are arithmetical mean roughness values and are surface roughness parameters determined in accordance with a Germany standard "DIN-4768".

The rolling noise itself is caused by the combined wheel and rail roughness and by the dynamic behaviour of the track and wheel-set.

A method of finishing a metal and a vehicle wheel or wheel cover which is finished by the method and which has a surface roughness of less than about 3.2νZ comprises machining the surface with a natural single crystal diamond tool.

The rolling noise itself is caused by the combined wheel and rail roughness and by the dynamic behaviour of the track and wheelset.

The rolling noise itself is caused by the combined wheel and rail roughness and by the dynamic behaviour of the track and wheelset.

The surface roughness of the haptic zone may be greater than the surface roughness of the optic zone.

The rolling noise itself is caused by the combined wheel and rail roughness and by the dynamic behaviour of the track and wheelset.

The second surface roughness value is lower than the first surface roughness value.

The preliminary average surface roughness is less than the final average surface roughness.

The back (100a) of the substrate of the InGaAs laser is processed into an optically irregularly reflecting face having a continuous irregularity the surface roughness (Rq: root mean square roughness) of which is 100 nm.