Crystalline phase area ratio (%)={crystalline phase area/(crystalline phase area+glass phase area)}×100

A phase detection circuit (7) detects the phase information, and further a phase inversion circuit (9) performs phase inversion processing.

The apparatus may also be provided with a cleaning station, a drying station, a lacquering station and a curing station.

The method includes a ligation phase, a capture phase, and a detection phase.

The phase correction unit (30) corrects the phase image with the background phase image to create a true phase image.

The cermet comprises a hard phase, a bounding phase, and a strengthening phase.

The valve has a filling state, a filled state, a metering state, and a dispensing state.

The phase of the phase switch layer changes from a first phase (e.g., solid) to a second phase (e.g., liquid or vapor) at a phase transition temperature (Tp).

An operating cycle occurs several times daily in the SU tank, which comprises a stirring phase (R phase), a pre-settling phase (V phase) and a discharge phase (A phase).

A vapour phase, an aqueous phase, and a condensed product phase are withdrawn.

Phase difference calculating means (4) determines a phase difference between the phase information (p) from the burst phase detecting means (3) and a predetermined reference phase.

Each n-bit phase signal comprises a phase estimate signal and a phase error signal.

A phase modulator subtracts the detected/estimated phase noise from the phase noise of the incoming signal.

The contraction phase is followed by a desorbent phase.

The phase advance optimization circuit determines the phase advance angle optimized for each phase of the motor.