The share of firms asked to make an informal payment to obtain a construction-related permit increased from 0.7% to 9.6%.

The analysis of the proposed economic model shows that, at the equilibrium, the level of informal payments is the highest with the system of salary .

Further, among firms that were inspected, the percentage required or expected to pay gifts or informal payments is much lower in Rwanda (4.5 vs. 17.8 percent).