The granules comprise an active medium, a carrier medium and optionally a surfactant, wherein the active medium comprises: a gibberellin, a cytokinin, and an auxin.

The condenser (13) condenses the working medium vapor from the turbine (14) into a working medium liquid.

Co-doping the gain medium (102) with ions such as Cr3+ that make the gain medium (102) resistant to external ionizing radiation solves problems of long-term degradation of the gain medium (102).

At least a portion of the active ingredient is transferred from the medium to the film.

The invention also relates to such an active medium.

The internal laser cavity comprises a laser active medium.

The active component including an active medium that includes a ridge and slab regions.

The present disclosure relates to microfluidic devices incorporating a gain medium, such as a laser gain medium, and methods for their use.

The pump light beam is pumping a laser medium (4).

The working medium is preferably a paraffine.

One or more isolation trenches each extends into the slab regions of the active medium and is at least partially spaced apart from the ridge of the active medium.

The expansion produces mechanical energy.

The coil (28) allows the pump wave to pass through for pumping the gain medium (22), but substantially attenuates the back-transmitted emission generated by the gain medium (22).

To this end a working medium is heated in a closed circulation system causing the working medium to expand.

The active medium has first and second optical ports.