The exothermic metallic material is ignited forming a molten material.

The component consists of at least one layer comprised of a massive metallic material and of at least one layer comprised of a foamable metallic material.

The nanostructures may be formed from a metallic material.

Exothermic metallic material is added to the crucible (45).

The electrodes (114) have at least one metal material.

The metal material (A) is preferably titanium.

The hardness of the metallic material is at least about 2500 MPa, and the hardness of the ceramic material is greater than that of the metallic material by at least about 4000 MPa.

The layers of oxide and metallic material form the gate structure.

Additionally, the invention encompasses metallic coatings comprising crystalline metallic materials, with at least some of the crystalline metallic material having a nanocrystalline grain size.

A joint 6 of a metal material 4 and a ceramic-carbon composite 1 is a joint of a metal material 4 formed from a metal and a ceramic-carbon composite material 1.

An apparatus (100) for deforming metal material (1) to SPD material.

A DC is applied between the metal material and an electrode in the electrolyte and the polarity of the metal material is switched between anode and cathode alternately.

On the other hand, when the metal material is an anode, the process is a metal material corroding process, i.e. in an anode oxidation process.

The metallic material forming the rings provides the necessary radial stiffness.

In metallic material injection molding machines, the connection between the injection nozzle and the sprue bushing has tended to leak metallic material.