Equalisation mechanism on the third level.

The decisive point is that the equalisation mechanism has been substantially altered.

C. 1981-93: Restructuring and introduction of the equalising mechanism

C. 1981-93: Restructuring and introduction of the equalising mechanism

In Switzerland, the equalisation system was established in 1958 by the Federal Law on Financial Equalisation and thoroughly reformed in 2008.

That marketing has been decoupled from the equalisation mechanism. The latter is purely about the financial allocation of costs between the different operators.

In Italy, the horizontal equalisation mechanism between the regions created in 2001 was reformed in the framework of Law 42/2009, strengthening vertical equalisation through a state-run fund.