In addition to these issue limits, issuer limits are applied for the CBPP3 and the CSPP.

Market rules such as holding limits and purchase limits

[39]Supranational bonds have an issue and issuer limit of 50%.

Issue and issuer limits are an effective tool to limit risk concentration

Since January 1, foreign companies specializing in long-term contracts can invest in China without limits on capital ownership.

The calibration of issue and issuer limits[38] takes into account policy, operational, legal and risk management considerations.

China announced in April that it would scrap share-holding limits for new energy vehicles for foreign investors in 2018.

The Directive could lead to an increase in the use of prolonged detention in EU member states where many countries, such as Ireland and Spain, currently have much lower detention limits.

Particularly for the CSPP, those issuer limits are defined based on a benchmark allocation related to an issuer group’s market capitalisation in order to ensure a diversified allocation of purchases.