Forcing by CO2 is the single largest contributor to human-caused forcing during the Industrial Era.

Positive forcing tends to warm the surface, whereas negative forcing tends to cool it.

Positive forcing tends to warm the surface while negative forcing tends to cool it.

Positive forcing tends to warm the surface, while a negative forcing tends to cool it.

Positive forcing tends to warm the surface, while negative forcing tends to cool it.

I repeat: The forcing is only horizontal (tangential).

Positive radiative forcing tends to warm the surface of the Earth, and negative radiative forcing tends to cool it.

Modeling since 2001 estimates that anthropogenic radiative forcing is ten times greater than radiative forcing due to variations in solar activity, although aerosol forcing is negative.

Modeling since 2001 estimates that anthropogenic radiative forcing is ten times greater than radiative forcing due to variations in solar activity, although aerosol forcing is negative.

Forcing due to episodic volcanic events, which lead to a negative forcing lasting only for a few years, is not shown.

Radiative Forcing from Natural Changes Natural forcings arise due to solar changes and explosive volcanic eruptions.

Modeling since 2001 estimates that anthropogenic radiative forcing is ten times greater than radiative forcing due to variations in solar activity, although aerosol forcing is negative.

This coefficient may be either positive (cooling) or negative (heating).

Solar radiation intensity is usually measured in W/m2.

Slower hashes will therefore slow down brute forcing.