The current invention allows the solution of problems of uniform, and crescent and decreasing gradient series of payment, in the anticipated, postponed and deferred modes.

It also contains a single generic formula installed, in resident mode, for the calculation of uniform, and crescent and decreasing gradient series of payment.

The daughter toxins are then separated by high performance anion-exchange liquid chromatography at a constant pH in excess of 10 in an increasing gradient of a salt, preferably sodium chloride.

A D/A converter (11) generates a reference signal that increases from a predetermined initial signal level at a constant gradient.

The article exhibits an increasing concentration gradient of the second polymeric material moving from the first region, through the second region, to the third region.

The environmental gradient can be a temperature gradient and/or a humidity gradient.

The current invention allows the solution of problems of uniform, and crescent and decreasing gradient series of payment, in the anticipated, postponed and deferred modes.

It also contains a single generic formula installed, in resident mode, for the calculation of uniform, and crescent and decreasing gradient series of payment.

A ribbon ink has a viscosity that increases with increasing rate of shear for rates of shear greater than a predetermined value.

Sections of the tube are maintained at different temperatures so that an ascending/descending temperature gradient is maintained along the length of the tube.

In one embodiment, the gradient is a pH gradient, for example, a step gradient.

An intensity gradient image comprising a plurality of intensity gradient image pixels is determined, each intensity gradient image pixel representing the magnitude of an intensity gradient.

Additionally, the gradient structure can provide both a lateral and vertical gradient.

The second temperature gradient is shallower than either the first temperature gradient or the third temperature gradient.

The refractive index gradient may be formed from a compositional gradient and/or a porosity gradient.