A polishing surface layer is attached to the global top surface of the foundation layer.

The foundation layer provides an impermeable seal for the aperture at the back surface of the polishing surface layer.

Polishing pads with a polishing surface layer having an aperture or opening above a transparent foundation layer are described.

In an example, a polishing pad for polishing a substrate includes a foundation layer having a global top surface and a transparent region.

An aperture is disposed in the polishing pad from the back surface through to the polishing surface of the polishing surface layer, and aligned with the transparent region of the foundation layer.

brick rubble/asphaltic surfacing road base

A second foundation material is deposited onto the interlayer thereby forming a second foundation layer.

rolled dry lean concrete base

The protective layer (9) is comprised of a foundation layer (91) formed on the dielectric layer (8), and a plurality of agglomerated particles (92) decentrally arranged over the entire surface of the foundation layer (91).

A polishing surface layer is attached to the global top surface of the foundation layer.

A first foundation material is deposited onto a substrate thereby forming a first foundation layer.

The resin layer comprises a foundation part and a plurality of projections on the foundation part.

This magnetic memory is provided with a foundation layer, a free magnetization layer, barrier layer, and reference magnetization layer.

In turn, the foundation makes the passive layer available to the operator.

A second foundation material is deposited onto the interlayer thereby forming a second foundation layer.