The radioactive waste containment system includes a radioactive waste containment system outermost exterior containment layer comprised of an exterior containment layer glass material having an exterior containment layer property.

A second containment layer is coupled to the first sensor layer such that the first sensor layer is between the first and second containment layers.

A trench is formed in the confinement layer extending down to the etch stop layer.

Preferably, the separate confinement layer (4) comprises AlGaInAs or GaInAsP.

A similar second confinement layer (34) may be formed over the active layer (31).

The location of the optical confinement layer may vary as long as it is proximate to the core layer.

The pocket is formed between an inner, fluid permeable layer and a fluid isolation layer.

The confinement layer is preferably lattice matched to the AlGaAs.

The containment layer and intermediate layers formed between the active material and containment layer are formed at temperatures sufficiently low to prevent volatilization of the active material.

An active material electronic device is described with a containment layer.

The enclosing layer may be a deposited protective layer formed over a particle of a hydrogen storage material.

The fluid isolation layer is attached to the inner or anchor layer and is located between the inner layer and an outer layer to which the inner layer is attached.

Apparatus for installing said structural and containment layers in said pipe.

The waveguide has a lower cladding layer, a core layer, a patterned optical confinement layer proximate to the core layer, an optional upper cladding layer, and an optional substrate.

Each membrane assembly has a layer (172a, 272a) sealing the aperture and a removable contamination containment layer (182a, 282a) overlying a respective sealing layer.