— Each month is represented by a hexadecimal number.

Each hex character represents 4 bits or half a byte.

unsigned decimal (u), or unsigned hexadecimal (x and X)

The reason is because hexadecimal is perfect for matching any four bits.

Combine all the binary groups of four digits each into a single binary number.

decimal (u), or unsigned hexadecimal (x and X) notation.

unsigned decimal, or unsigned hexadecimal (X or x), respectively.

To represent the following binary number in hexadecimal, you simply substitute the appropriate hex digit for each set of four binary digits.

One simply replaces each group of four binary digits with the appropriate hex digit.

All we need do is take each group of four bits in the number and replace them with the hexadecimal equivalent.

A hex digit is either a number from 0 to 9 or a letter from A to F.

Moreover, hexadecimal digits exactly corresponds to 4 bits, which allow to represent a byte with 2 hexadecimal digits.

It is easier for us to express a value as a single hexadecimal digit than as four binary bits.

The escape character can be any single character other than a hexadecimal digit, the plus sign, a single quote, a double quote, or a whitespace character.

The escape character can be any single character other than a hexadecimal digit, the plus sign, a single quote, a double quote, or a whitespace character.